{"id":330,"date":"2013-10-25T19:08:33","date_gmt":"2013-10-25T18:08:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cosmos.ircam.fr\/?p=330"},"modified":"2020-09-14T05:34:43","modified_gmt":"2020-09-14T04:34:43","slug":"acm-multimedia-explaining-structure-annotations-using-nonlinear-optimization","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmos.isd.kcl.ac.uk\/?p=330","title":{"rendered":"ACM Multimedia: Explaining Structure Annotations Using Nonlinear Optimization"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-very-light-gray-background-color has-background\">Smith, J.B.L. and E. Chew (2013). Using Quadratic Programming to Estimate Musical Attention from Self-Similarity Matrices. In&nbsp;<em>Proceedings of ACM Multimedia<\/em>, October 21-25, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">To identify repeated patterns and contrasting sections in music, it is common to use self-similarity matrices (SSMs) to visualize and estimate structure. We introduce a novel application for SSMs derived from audio recordings: using them to learn about the potential reasoning behind a listener\u2019s annotation. We use SSMs generated by musically-motivated audio features at various timescales to represent contributions to a structural annotation. Since a listener\u2019s attention can shift among musical features (e.g., rhythm, timbre, and harmony) throughout a piece, we further break down the SSMs into section-wise components and use quadratic programming (QP) to minimize the distance between a linear sum of these components and the annotated description. We posit that the optimal section-wise weights on the feature components may indicate the features to which a listener attended when annotating a piece, and thus may help us to understand why two listeners disagreed about a piece\u2019s structure. We discuss some examples that substantiate the claim that feature relevance varies throughout a piece, using our method to investigate differences between listeners\u2019 interpretations, and lastly propose some variations on our method.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Read more in [ <\/strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Paper preprint (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/file\/d\/0B_GJDKpaqP0CWGxtZ0hJUmdUWUU\/edit\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Paper preprint<\/strong><\/a><strong> ]<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Smith, J.B.L. and E. Chew (2013). Using Quadratic Programming to Estimate Musical Attention from Self-Similarity Matrices. In Proceedings of ACM Multimedia, October 21-25, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":332,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[102],"tags":[107,109,108,87],"class_list":["post-330","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research-publications","tag-annotation","tag-nonlinear-optimization","tag-quadratic-programming","tag-structure"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>ACM Multimedia: Explaining Structure Annotations Using Nonlinear Optimization - COSMOS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Smith, J.B.L. and E. Chew (2013). Using Quadratic Programming to Estimate Musical Attention from Self-Similarity Matrices. In Proceedings of ACM Multimedia, October 21-25, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cosmos.isd.kcl.ac.uk\/?p=330\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ACM Multimedia: Explaining Structure Annotations Using Nonlinear Optimization - COSMOS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Smith, J.B.L. and E. Chew (2013). Using Quadratic Programming to Estimate Musical Attention from Self-Similarity Matrices. In Proceedings of ACM Multimedia, October 21-25, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cosmos.isd.kcl.ac.uk\/?p=330\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"COSMOS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-10-25T18:08:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-09-14T04:34:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/cosmos.isd.kcl.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/mupae_acm_post_2.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"308\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"sysadmin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"sysadmin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cosmos.isd.kcl.ac.uk\\\/?p=330#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cosmos.isd.kcl.ac.uk\\\/?p=330\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"sysadmin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cosmos.isd.kcl.ac.uk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/17eb96c86ec7ce8fd561d80861dbd033\"},\"headline\":\"ACM Multimedia: Explaining Structure Annotations Using Nonlinear Optimization\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-10-25T18:08:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-09-14T04:34:43+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cosmos.isd.kcl.ac.uk\\\/?p=330\"},\"wordCount\":225,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cosmos.isd.kcl.ac.uk\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cosmos.isd.kcl.ac.uk\\\/?p=330#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cosmos.isd.kcl.ac.uk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/06\\\/mupae_acm_post_2.png\",\"keywords\":[\"annotation\",\"nonlinear optimization\",\"quadratic programming\",\"structure\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Publications\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cosmos.isd.kcl.ac.uk\\\/?p=330\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cosmos.isd.kcl.ac.uk\\\/?p=330\",\"name\":\"ACM Multimedia: Explaining Structure Annotations Using Nonlinear Optimization - COSMOS\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cosmos.isd.kcl.ac.uk\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cosmos.isd.kcl.ac.uk\\\/?p=330#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cosmos.isd.kcl.ac.uk\\\/?p=330#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cosmos.isd.kcl.ac.uk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/06\\\/mupae_acm_post_2.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-10-25T18:08:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-09-14T04:34:43+00:00\",\"description\":\"Smith, J.B.L. and E. 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